Novel Biomarkers for Rejection in Kidney Transplantation: A Comprehensive Review
This 2025 review surveys emerging non-invasive biomarkers that aim to detect kidney-transplant rejection earlier and guide personalized immunosuppression, moving beyond serum creatinine, donor-specific antibodies, and biopsy.
Background
Kidney transplantation is the treatment of choice for end-stage kidney disease, but rejection remains a major clinical challenge. Conventional monitoring tools such as serum creatinine, donor-specific antibodies, and proteinuria lack sensitivity and specificity for early graft injury, and while biopsy remains the diagnostic gold standard it is invasive and prone to confounders.
Key findings
The review focuses on the leading candidate biomarkers currently under clinical investigation, with emphasis on their diagnostic performance, prognostic value, and potential to support personalized immunosuppressive strategies in kidney transplantation.
Clinical implications
Earlier, non-invasive detection of graft injury could enable timely intervention and individualized immunosuppression, potentially reducing reliance on protocol biopsies and supporting better long-term graft management.
Category
Transplant
Source
Journal of Clinical Medicine
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