Immunomodulatory effects of anti-diabetic therapies: Cytokine and chemokine modulation by metformin, sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors, and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (2013-2025).

Evaluates the synergistic cardiorenal protective benefits of combining SGLT2 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with diabetic and non-diabetic CKD.